We often hear about the evils of Big Pharma, and there’s
plenty to be concerned about there. But some who promote “alternatives” — the
manufacturers, distributors and sellers of supplements, aka Big Herba —take
advantage of regulatory loopholes, public distrust of the medical realm, and
consumer confusion to push pills and potions that may do absolutely nothing for
your health, or worse. Big Herba is big business, and when profit is the
motive, let the buyer beware.
Increasingly, Big Pharma and Big Herba are
indistinguishable. The very same mega-companies with gigantic chemical labs
that make drugs are cooking up vitamin and herbal supplements labeled with
sunny terms like “natural” and “wholesome.” Pfizer, Unilever, Novartis,
GlaxoSmithKline and other big pharmaceutical firms make or sell supplements.
Procter & Gamble Co. and Arm & Hammer are also in on the action. Wall
Street is getting in on the game, too: the Carlyle Group, a private-equity
titan, owns NBTY (formerly Nature's Bounty), whose brands include Nature's
Bounty, Sundown Naturals, Puritan's Pride, and Vitamin World. When they make
supplements, companies don’t have to play by the same rules as when they make
drugs. True, there are still some small firms that concentrate on just a few
products, and many of them want to sell products that are properly labeled and
beneficial. But the smaller guys represent just a small fraction of total sales
in what has become a $23-billion-a-year business.
Last week, the New York attorney general's office told GNC,
Target, Walgreens and Walmart to pull several store-brand supplements when most
of them were found to contain things other than what their labels advertised,
including allergens like wheat that are potentially dangerous to some
consumers. At all the stores investigated, the St. John’s Wort contained
absolutely no St. John’s Wort. Likewise, the Gingko Biloba had no Gingko
Biloba. Instead, many of the products contained nothing but cheap fillers,
including a common houseplant called dracaena.
In 2012, the Office of the Inspector General of the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services released a report showing that 20
percent of supplements sold for weight loss and immune system support they
bought made illegal claims about their effectiveness in treating and cure
ailments. “Sampled supplements,” says the report, “were inconsistent with FDA
guidance on competent and reliable scientific evidence.”
In 2013, the New York Times published an article describing
numerous problems with common products. Research conducted in Canada on popular
supplements like echinacea and St. John’s Wort sold by 12 different companies
found that many consumers were getting completely swindled. According to the
report:
“Americans spend an estimated $5 billion a year on unproven
herbal supplements that promise everything from fighting off colds to curbing
hot flashes and boosting memory. But now there is a new reason for supplement
buyers to beware: DNA tests show that many pills labeled as healing herbs are
little more than powdered rice and weeds.
The same year, Harvard researchers found that between 2004
and 2012, there were 237 “Class I recalls” of dietary supplements. That means
for each product, there was a “reasonable probability that the use of or
exposure to a product will cause serious adverse health consequences or death.”
Dietary supplements —which include vitamins, minerals, botanicals, and herbal
remedies — accounted for half of such recalls during those years.
Consumer Reports reveals that of 54,000 supplements listed
in the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, only a third have any
scientifically supported level of safety and efficacy. Twelve percent are
linked to safety concerns or quality issues. The report calls attention to
health risks including cardiovascular, liver and kidney problems; contamination
with nasty things like heavy metals due to poor quality control and inspection;
and raw ingredients sourced in China, where factories are riddled by lax standards.
So many people worry about having to spend money at the doctor.
So much money to be made. In 1994, the Dietary Supplement Health and Education
Act (DSHEA) was passed which allowed dietary supplements to operate with little
regulation. The supplement industry, as a result, does not have to do thorough
trials for safety and efficacy. And they
don’t necessarily have to alert consumers about harmful side-effects. Even when
a supplement is clearly shown to be harmful, it’s difficult for the FDA to step
in and ban it. Just take the case of ephedra, which people used to take for
weight loss and to boost energy. Despite mounting evidence of dangerous
effects, in some cases fatal, manufacturers challenged a 2004 FDA ban and got
it overturned. It took the U.S. Court of Appeals to restore the ban in 2006.
http://www.alternet.org/personal-health/big-herba-out-control-why-vitamins-minerals-and-herbal-remedies-can-be-dangerous
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